21PHY331 MEDICAL PHYSICS ELECTIVES – PHYSICS-

UNIT I-

Mechanics of the body: Skeleton, forces, and body stability, Muscles and dynamics of body movement, Physics of Loco-motors Systems: joints and movements, Stability and Equilibrium, Energy household of the body: Energy balance in the body, Energy consumption of the body, Heat losses of the body, Thermal Regulation, Pressure system of body: Physics of breathing, Physics of cardiovascular system.

UNIT II-

Acoustics of the body: Nature and characteristics of sound, Production of speech, Physics of the ear, Diagnostics with sound and ultrasound, Optical system of the body: Physics of the eye, Electrical system of the body: Physics of the nervous system, Electricalsignals and information transfer.

UNIT III-

X-RAYS: Electromagnetic spectrum, production of x-rays, x-ray spectra, Bremsstrahlung, Characteristic x-ray, X-ray tubes & types: Coolidge tube, x-ray tube design, tube cooling stationary mode, Rotating anode x-ray tube, Tube rating, quality and intensity of x-ray, X-ray generator circuits, half wave and full wave rectification, filament circuit, kilo voltage circuit, types of X-Ray Generator, high frequency generator, exposure timers and switches, HT cables, HT generation.

UNIT IV-

Radiation Physics: Radiation units exposure, absorbed dose, units: rad, grey, relative biological effectiveness, effective dose, inverse square law, Interaction of radiation with matter Compton & photoelectric effect, Rem & Sievert, linear attenuation coefficient, Radiation Detectors: Thimble chamber, condenser chambers, Geiger Muller counter, Scintillation counters and Solid State detectors, ionisation chamber, Dosimeters, survey methods, area monitors, TLD, Semiconductor detectors.

UNIT V-

Radiation And Radiation Protection: Principles of radiation protection, protective materials-radiation effects, somatic, genetic stochastic and deterministic effect, Personal monitoring devices: TLD film badge, pocket dosimeter, OSL dosimeter, Radiation dosimeter, Naturalradioactivity, Biological effects ofradiation, Radiation monitors, Steps to reduce radiation to Patient, Staff and Public, Dose Limits for Occupational workers and Public, AERB: Existence and Purpose.

TEXTBOOKS:

  1. Basic Radiological Physics Dr. K. Thayalan – Jayapee Brothers Medical Publishing Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi (2003)
  2. Physics of Radiation Therapy: F M Khan – Williams and Wilkins, Third edition (2003)

REFERENCES:

  1. Christensen’s Physics of Diagnostic Radiology: Curry, Dowdey and Murry – Lippincot Williams and Wilkins (1990)
  2. The essential physics of Medical Imaging: Bushberg, Seibert, Leidholdt and 36 Boone Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, Second Edition (2002)
  3. The Physics of Radiology-H E Johns and Cunningham.
  4. A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11th Edition, 2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.