21CHY532 CHEMISTRY OF TOXICOLOGY-

Unit I-

Food additives and Flavours: Functional food additives, adulteration, food laws, Food colours – permitted and non – permitted- Toxicology, Flavours – natural and synthetic Toxicology, Other functional additives- Soft drinks- formulation Health drinks, Sugars – manufacture of sugar from cane sugar and beet root, artificial sugars.

Unit II-

Soaps, Synthetic Detergents and Cosmetics: Soaps – Introduction, detergent action of soap, Toilet soap, bathing bars, washing soaps, liquid soap manufacture- additives, fillers and flavours, Significance of acidity and alkalinity, Detergents- Introduction, detergent action, types of detergents-cationic, anionic, amphiphilic detergents, Common detergent chemicals, Additives, excipients colours and flavours, Enzymes used in commercial detergents, Environmental hazards, Cosmetics- Introduction, classification – bathing oils, face creams, toilet powder, skin products, dental cosmetics, hair dyes, shaving cream, shampoo, general formulation of each type, Toxicology of cosmetics,

Unit III-

Green Chemistry: Purpose, principles to be followed for green chemistry, synthesis of Adipic acid, Catechol, Methyl methacrylate, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and furfural, Greenreagents, Oxidation technology for waste water treatment – green chemistry using biocatalytic reactions, Green chemistry in future.

Unit IV-

Chemistry and Agriculture: Factors affecting soil pH – Soil pH and nutrient availability – Soil degradation causes, Fertilisers – classification of NPK fertilisers – sources – natural and synthetic, Excessive use of fertilisers and its impact on the environment, Bio fertilisers, Plant growth hormones,
Pesticides- Classification-insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, Excessive use of pesticides –environmental hazards, Acts and Laws concerning the pesticides, Bio pesticides, biofertilizers – rhizobium, azospirillum, acetobacter – Blue green algae and azolla – production and quality control of biofertilizers, Bio-conversion of agricultural wastes.

Unit V-

Drugs: Chemotherapy- types of drugs- analgesics, antipyretics, antihistamines, antacids tranquillisers, sedatives, antibiotics.

TEXT BOOKS:

  1. A. K. De, Environmental Chemistry, New age International Ltd.
  2. S. S. Dara, A Textbook of Environmental chemistry and pollution control, S.Chand & Company Ltd.

REFERENCES:

  1. T.P. Cutlet, Food- The Chemistry of its components. Royal Society of Chemistry, London (Paper back)
  2. M. M. Srivastava, RashmiSanghi, ‘Green Chemistry – Environment Friendly Alternatives’, 2nd edition, Narosa Publishing House, 2005.
  3. B.K. Sharma. Industrial Chemistry
  4. CNR Rao- Understanding chemistry, Universities Press.
  5. Puri and Sharma. Advanced Organic Chemistry.
  6. V. K.Ahluwallia, ‘Green Chemistry – Environmentally Benign Reactions’, 1st edition, Ane books Pvt Ltd, 2009.
  7. Tisdale, S.L., Nelson, W.L. and Beaton, J. D. Soil Fertility and Fertilisers, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1990.
  8. Buchel, K.H. Chemistry of Pesticides, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1983
  9. P.C Pall, K. Goel, R.K Gupta, Insecticides,pesticides and agrobased industries.
  10. Singh, V.K Kapoor, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry