MGR-204 Microbial Growth & Reproduction-

Basic concepts of Microbes- General characteristics and functions of Microbes, Physical and Chemical Structures of different Microbes, Importance of Cell shape cell size in rods and cocci, septum formation, cell elongation, brief outline of Microbial cell wall synthesis and cell separation, Bacterial Sporulation – Endospore formation in Bacillus, Occurrence of Ca-dipicolinate (DPA) and soluble Proteins (SASP), Spore germination.

Kinetics of Bacterial growth- Different types of bacterial culture (Batch, Synchronous, Arithmatic) – Definition and brief description, Growth Phases, Growth Kinetcs, Calculation of duration of Phases and generation time, Growth yields, Methods of growth determination, Environmental factors affecting growth – temperature, pH, osmotic pressure and nutrient concentration per cell.

Microbial Reproduction- Different modes of Microbial DNA replication, Mechanism of DNA replication – rolling circle model & Theta structure-Bidirectional replication, Fats proteins, Divisomes, MreB Proteins, Impairment of proof reading in mutants, Mutant genes in bacteria, mutation frequency, Rate of mutation, Repair of UV-damage, Photoreactivation, Excision repair, SOS response.

Sexuality and bacterial recombination- Rarity in Bacteria, Male and femaleness in bacteria (F+, F’ and Hfr), Plasmids and pilus mediated transfer of genes in the conjugation process in E.coli, Homologous Recombination, Site specific Recombination (Holliday model).