CH-201 2nd Semester-

Chemical Bonding and Structure-

(a) Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic compounds: ionization energy, electron affinity etc. Sizes of ions, radius ratio rule and its limitation, Lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle.
(b) Covalent Bonding: General characteristics of covalent compounds, valence bond approach, directional character of covalent bond, hybridization involving s-, p- and d- orbitals. Valence State Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) concept, shapes pf simple molecules and ions.
Fajan’s Rules, Hydrogen bonding and its effect of physical and chemical properties, Others types of molecular interaction.

Double & complex salt: Werner;s theory of co ordination compounds. Chalets, Polydentate ligands including naturally occurring ones, Electronic interpretation of compounds formation, Stepwise and overall stability constants, ( elementary idea only) Geometrical & optical isomerism, Nomenclature of co or dination compounds.

The noble gases: Occurrence, general properties, electronic structure 7 position in the periodic table, Elementary Xenon compounds (bonding and structures excluded).

Real gases: Deviations from ideal behavior vander Waal’s equation, Andrews exprement, critical phenomena in light in Vander wlla’s equation state, community of state.

First law of thermodynamics: Cyclic process, Reversible & irreversible process, internal energy, enthalapy, work done an isothermal & adiabatic pricess, heat capacities, Cp-Cv =R for an ideal gas.

Viscosity: Definition & determination of Oswald’s viscomers, variation with temperature for liquid and gases.

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes: Isomerism, synthesis, chemical reactivity of alkanes, Mechanism of free radical helogination of alkanes, sulphonation of alkanes, Chemical reactivity, hydrogenation, heat of hydrogenation and stability of alkanes, electrophilic addition reaction & mechanism, helogination, hydrohelogination, hydration, hydroboration, Markownikoffs rule, peroxide effect, 1-3 dipolar addition, 9only formation no details mechanism is required), Alkyne synthesis hydration, substitution reactions, polymerization.

Aromatics Hydrocarbons Aromatic substitution reactions: Isomerism of aromatic compounds, their nomenclature, structure of benzene ring, General mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution (elementary treatment) Methods of synthesis, nitration, Sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel-crafts alkylation and acylation, reaction, nuclear and side chain helogination.

Stereochemistry: Conformation of Acyclic organic molecules: Strain in molecules, Bond stretching and compression, Bond angle bending: Bond angle strain, Bond torsion: Torsional strain, Steric repulsion: van der Waals strain, Nomenclature for distinguishing conformations of organic molecules, Dihedral angle and Torsion angle, Torsional curves of a few simple acyclic compounds (ethane, propane, n- butane), Butane-gauche interaction, calculation of % of anti and gauche forms n- butane at 2980K, Conformation of some H- bonded acyclic molecules, Conformation of cyclic organic molecules mainly Cyclohexane: Chair and Boat Form, Topomerisation of Chair form of cyclohexane; The Conformational preference of subsituent in chair cyclohexane, Conformations of a few substituted chair form of cyclohexane (1, 2- or 1 ,3- or 1 ,4- dimethylcyclohexane), Conformations of cyclohexane-1,4-dione, 2- alkyl and 3- alkyl ketone effect,  – haloketone effect, Conformations of cyclohexene: A1,2 strain, Concept of I- strain.

Solubility and solubility product: Common ion effect, Principal and reaction involved in the group separation and identification of cations and anion in the Qualitative inorganic analysis.