CH-301 3rd Semester-

i) Comparative study of the following groups of elements-
a) B, Al; b) C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb;
c) N, P, S, As, Sb, Bi; d) O, S, Se, Te
e) F, Cl, Br, I
in respect of electronic configuration, elements states, oxidation states, hydrides, halides oxides, and oxyacides.
ii) Bonding in diborene

Second law of thermodynamics- Carnot cycle, Elementary treatment of entropy, free entry, work function & criterion of equilibrium, Gibbs Helmohltz equation, Clasious clapeyron equation and its application.

Homogeneous chemical equilibrium- Law of mass action and equilibrium constant Kp,Kc,Kx and their relationship, Le-chatelier principal- effect of temperature, pressure and addition of products of relation and inert gases, Vant’s hoff equation (derivation not required) and its application.

Alcohols & Ethers- Methods of synthesis, physical properties, distinction of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, Chemical reactivity, Ethers, methods of synthesis, Chemical reactivity.

Phenols- Synthesis, physical properties acidic character of phenols, chemical reaction – Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Fries rearrangement, Kolbe’s reaction, phenol formaldehyde resins (Lederer-Manasse reaction) Cresols nitro and amino phenols.(Synthesis only).

Aldehydes and ketones- Methods of synthesis of aldehydes and ketones, chemical reactivity of carbonyl group, cannizero reaction and adol condensation, relative reactivities of aldehyde and ketones, Perking reaction, benzoine condensation, Claisen condensation.

Carboxylic acid and their derivatives- Methodes of synthesis, acidity of aliphatic and aromatic acid, effects of substitutents on acidity (simple cases), Chemical reactivity, Mechanism of esterification (AAC2): methods of synthesis and reaction of acid halides, amides, esters and anhydrides.

Organic compounds containing nitrogen- Aromatic nitro compounds their synthesis, reduction under different conditions, Methods of synthesis of aliphatic amines, Hinsberg’s method of separation, Hofmann degradation, Gabrie’s phthalimide synthesis, distinction between primary secondary & tertiary amines, Methods of synthesis of aromatic amines, Diazotizations and its mechanism, Synthetic application of aromatic diazonium salts.

Acids-Bases and Solvents- Modern concepts of acids and bases: Arrhenius theory, theory of solvent system, Bronsted and Lowry’s concept, Lewis concept with typical examples, applications and limitations, Strengths of acids and bases (elementary idea), Ionization of weak acids and bases in aqueous solution, ionization constants, ionic product of water, pH-scale.

Ionic Equilibrium- Strong and weak electrolytes degree of dissociation, Ostwald’s dilution law, Hydrolysis, buffer, calculation of pH, salt effect, elementary, elementary idea of activity & activity co-efficient of electrolytes, ionic strength, buffer reaction of blood.

EMF- Electro chemical cells, half-cell, electrodes potential standard electrode potential, Nernst equation, redox potential, reference electrode, standered cell, measurement of emf, determination of pH, potentiometric titration, storage battery, corrosion.