BT121 Cell Biology and Genetics-

Unit 1-

Cell as a Basic unit of Living Systems and Cellular Organelles- Historical perspectives, Discovery of cell, the cell Theory, Ultra structure of a
eukaryotic cell (Both plant and animal cells), Structural organization and functions of cell wall and plasma membrane, Structure and functions of cell organelles – Cytosol, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Nucleus, Nucleolus, vacuole, Cytosol and Cytoskeleton structures (Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate filaments).

Unit 2-

Chromosomes and Cell Division- General Introduction, Discovery, Morphology and structural organization – centromere, secondary constriction, telomere, chromonema, euchromatin and heterochromatin, chemical composition and karyotype. Single-stranded and multistranded hypothesis, folded- fibre and nucleosome models.
Special type of chromosomes- Salivary gland chromosome and Lampbrushchromosomes, Cell cycle, phases of cell division,mitosis and meiosis, cell cycle check points, enzymes involved in regulation, cell signaling, cell communications, significance of cell cycle, achromatic apparatus, synaptonemal complex, cell Senescence and programmed cell death.

Unit 3-

Genetics-

History of genetics: Mendelian theory; Laws of inheritance- dominance, segregation, incomplete dominance, codominance with an example, Law of independent assortment, test cross, back cross and non-Mendelian inheritance.
Maternal Inheritance: Plastid inheritance in Mirabilis, Kappa particles in paramecium and Petite characters in yeast, Sex-linked inheritance, Chromosome theory of inheritance.
Gene interaction: Supplementary factors: comb pattern in fowls, Complementary genes- Flower colour in sweet peas, Multiple factors–Skin colour in human beings, Epistasis– Plumage colour in poultry, Multiple allelism: Blood groups in Human beings.

Unit 4-

Linkage And Mutation- Introduction, Coupling and repulsion hypothesis, Linkage in maize and Drosophila, Mechanism of crossing over and its importance, chromosome mapping-linkage map in maize.
Mutations- Types of mutations, Spontaneous and induced mutagens: Physical and chemical, Mutation at the molecular level, Mutations in plants, animals and microbes and its merits and demerits, structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations.
Sex Determination in Plants and animals- Concept of allosomes and autosomes, XX- XY, XX-XO, ZW-ZZ, ZO-ZZ types, Allosomal (Klinefelter syndrome and Turner’ssyndrome), Autosomal (Down syndrome and Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome)conditions.

Text Books / References-

  1. Molecular Biology of Cell – Bruce Alberts et al, Garland publications.
  2. Animal Cytology and Evolution- MJD, White Cambridge University Publications
  3. Molecular Cell Biology-Daniel, Scientific American Books
  4. Cell Biology – Jack d Bruke, The William Twilkins Company
  5. Principles of Gene Manipulations- Old & Primrose, Black Well Scientific Publications
  6. Cell Biology-Ambrose & Dorothy M Easty, ELBS Publications
  7. Fundamentals of Cytology- L. W. Sharp, McGraw Hill Company
  8. Cytology-Willson&Marrison, Reinform Publications
  9. Molecular Biology- Christopher Smith, Faber & Faber Publications
  10. Cell Biology & Molecular Biology – EDP De Robertis& EMF Robertis, Saunder College.
  11. Cell Biology- C.B Powar, Himalaya Publications
  12. Basic Genetics- Daniel L. Hartl, Jones & Barlett Publishers USA
  13. Genetics – Monroe W Strickberger, Macmillain Publishers, New York
  14. Genes V – Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Press.
  15. Genes I – Benjamin Lewin, Wiley Eastern Ltd., Delhi
  16. Genes II – Benjamin Lewin, Wiley & Sons Publications
  17. Genes III- Benjamin Lewin, Wiley & Sons Publications
  18. Principles of Genetics- Sinnott, L.C. Dunn, Dobzhansky, McGraw-Hill.
  19. Genetics – Edgar Altenburg Oxford & IBH publications
  20. Principles of Genetics – E.J. Gardener, M.J. Simmons and D.P. Snustad, John Wiley & Son Publications
  21. Genetics- P.K.Gupta, Rastogi Publication, Meert, India.