M.Tech. SEMESTER I-

1511 INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCICENCE

Unit-1: Introduction and structure of materials, why study properties of materials? Structure of atoms – Quantum states-Atomic bonding in solids-binding energy-interatomic spacing – variation in bonding characteristics – Single crystals – polycrystalline – Non crystalline solids – Imperfection in solids – Vacancies – Interstitials – Geometry of dislocation – Schmid´s law – Surface imperfection – Importance of defects – Microscopic techniques – grain size distribution.

Unit-2: Solid solutions and alloys – Phase diagrams – Gibbs phase rule – Single component systems – Eutectic phase diagram – lever rule – Study of properties of phase diagrams – Phase transformation – Nucleation kinetics and growth.

Unit-3: Band model of semiconductors – carrier concentrations in intrinsic, extrinsic semiconductors – organic semiconductors – Fermi level – variation of conductivity, mobility with temperature – law of mass action – Hall effect – Hall coefficients for intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors – Hall effect devices. Application of diffusion in sintering, doping of semiconductors and surface hardening of metals.

Unit-4: Mechanical properties – Stress, Strain, Elastic properties – Deformation – elasticity – hardness – Optical properties – Light interaction with solids – Atomic, electronic interaction, non – radiative transition – refraction, reflection, Absorption, Transmission, Insulators, luminescence.

Unit-5: Magnetic properties – paramagnetism – ferromagnetism – domain theory magnetic hysteresis, Weiss molecular field theory, Heisenberg’s theory – magnetic anisotropy – domain walls – Exchange energy –antiferromagnetism.

REFERENCES-

1. W. D. Callister, “Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction”, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
2. K. Vijayamohanan Pillai and Meera Parthasarathi Functional Materials: A Chemist’s Perspective by, Orient Blackswan (21 November 2013)
3. C. Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics” Wiley Eastern Ltd, 2005.
4. V. Raghavan, “Materials Science and Engineering: A First Course”, Prentice Hall, 2006
5. A.J. Dekker, “Solid State Physics”, Macmillan & Co, 2000.
6. Michael Shur, “Physics of Semiconductor Devices”, Prentice Hall of India, 1995.
7. Charles P Poole Jr., and Frank J. Ownes, Introduction to Nanotechnology, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2003
8. H. S. Nalwa (Ed.), “Encyclopedia of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology”, American Scientific Publishers, California, 2004.
9. C. Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 2005.
10. V.R.Gowariker, “Polymer science “,New age international Publishers, 1986

1512 NANOMATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

Unit-1: Introduction to nanotechnology, physics of low-dimensional materials, quantum effects, 1D, 2D and 3D confinement, Density of states, Excitons, Coulomb blockade, Zero-, One-, Two- and Three- dimensional structure, Size control of metal nanoparticles and their properties: optical, electronic, magnetic properties; surface plasmon resonance, change of bandgap; Application: catalysis, electronic devices

Unit-2: Importance of size distribution control, size measurement and size selection, assembling and self-organization of nanostructures, Nanofabrication: patterning of soft materials by self-organisation and other techniques, chemical self-assembly, artificial multilayers, cluster fabrication, Langmuir-Blodget growth, Nanolithography, Scanning probe lithography, Micro contact printing,

Unit-3: Advantages of nano electrical and electronic devices, micro and nanoelectromechanical systems – sensors, actuators, optical switches, bio-MEMS diodes and nano-wire transistors – data memory lighting and displays, filters (IR blocking) – quantum optical devices – batteries – fuel cells and photo-voltaic cells – electric double layer capacitors – lead-free solder – nanoparticle coatings for electrical products

Unit-4: Nanocatalyts, smart materials, heterogenous nanostructures and composites, nanostructures for molecular recognition (quantum dots, nanorods, nanotubes) – molecular encapsulation and its applications – nanoporous zeolites – self-assembled nanoreactors – organic electroluminescent displays.

Unit-5: Drug deliveries, drug delivery system, nanoparticle in drug deliveryavailable applications, nanotechnology future application understanding for treatment. manufacture of nanoparticles, nanopowder and nanocrystals, targeting ligands applications of nanoparticle in drug delivery, cancer treatment, tissue regeneration, growth and repair, impact of drug discovery and development.

REFERENCES:

1. Nanocomposite science and technology, Pulikel M. Ajayan, Wiley-VCH 2005
2. Nanolithography and patterning techniques in microelectronics, David G. Bucknall, Wood head publishing 2005
3. Transport in Nanostructures, D.K. Ferry and S.M. Goodmick, Cambridge university press 1997.
4. Optical properties of solids, F. Wooten, Academic press 1972
5. Micro and Nanofabrication, Zheng Cui, Springer 2005
6. Nanostructured materials, Jackie Y. Ying, Academic press 2001
7. Nanotechnology and nanoelectronics, W.R, Fahrner, Springer 2005
8. Nanoengineering of structural, functional and smart materials, Mark J. Schulz, Taylor & Francis 2006.
9. Hand book of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, William A. Goddard, CRC press 2003.
10. Nanoelectronics and Information Technology, Rainer Waser, Wiley-VCH 2003.
11. The MEMS Handbook Frank Kreith, CRC press 2002.
12. Pradeep T “Nano: The Essentials”, Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 2007
13. Mick Wilson et al, “Nanotechnology”, Overseas Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
14. Charles P. Poole, Jr., Frank J. Owens, “Introduction to nano technology”, Wiley, 2003.
15. Gunter Schmid, “Nanoparticles: From Theory to Applications”, WileyVCH Verlag GmbH & Co., 2004.

1513 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS

Unit-1: Top down and bottom up synthesis approach, physical and chemical techniques for nanomaterial synthesis, sol-gel, hydrothermal, freeze drying, intercalation, attrition, mechanical alloying and mechanical milling, ion implantation, Gas phase condensation, Chemical vapour deposition, fundamentals of nucleation growth, controlling nucleation & growth.

Unit-2: Self-assembly, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, clusters, colloids, zeolites, organic block copolymers, emulsion polymerization, templated synthesis, and confined nucleation and/or growth. Biomimetic Approaches: polymer matrix isolation, and surface-templated nucleation and/or crystallization. Electrochemical Approaches: anodic oxidation of alumina films, porous silicon, and pulsed electrochemical deposition.

Unit-3: Vapor deposition and different types of epitaxial growth techniquespulsed laser deposition, Magnetron sputtering – Micro lithography (photolithography, soft lithography, micromachining, e-beam writing, and scanning probe patterning).

Unit-4: Preparation of nanomaterials like gold, silver, different types of nanooxides, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO etc. nanotube and wire formation, carbon nanotubes, graphene preparation properties and applications.

Unit-5: Principle, Theory, Working and Application; X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Reflectivity, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy / Microscopy, Photoluminescence Spectroscopy, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Polarized neutron Reflectivity, Differential thermal and Gravimetric Analysis, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Universal Testing Machine, Vibrating sample Magnetometer, Vector network Analyzer, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, Brunauer-Emmett Teller surface areas, Zeta sizer, Environmental mode.

REFERENCES:

1. S.P. Gaponenko, Optical Properties of semiconductor nanocrystals, Cambridge University Press, 1980.
2. W.Gaddand, D.Brenner, S.Lysherski and G.J.Infrate(Eds.), Handbook of NanoScience, Engg. and Technology, CRC Press, 2002.
3. K. Barriham, D.D. Vvedensky, Low dimensional semiconductor structures: fundamental and device applications, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
4. G. Cao, Nanostructures & Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties & Applications , Imperial College Press, 2004.
5. J. George, Preparation of Thin Films, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. 2005.
6. B. D. Cullity, “Elements of X-ray Diffraction”, 4th Edition, Addison Wiley, 1978.
7. M. H. Loretto, “Electron Beam Analysis of Materials”, Chapman and Hall, 1984.

1514 THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF MATERIALS

Unit-1: Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics – different approaches – emphasis on metallurgical thermodynamics, transport phenomena and
applications.

Unit-2: Law of thermodynamics and related applications, Concepts of freeenergy and entropy, criteria for spontaneity.

Unit-3: Introduction to solutions – partial molar entities – Gibbs Duhem relations thermodynamic aspects of metallic solutions and salt melts – Raoult’s Law and Henry’s Law – regular and quasi chemical models.

Unit-4: Thermodynamic aspects of phase diagrams – similarity in thermodynamic approach towards different classes of materials – thermodynamic
aspects of defect formation in metals and ceramics – approaches used in chemical modeling.

Unit-5: Principles of metallurgical kinetics – reaction rates and reaction mechanisms – overview of mass transfer, heat transfer and fluid flow – related applications in metallurgical processes – role of transport phenomena in mathematical and physical modelling.

REFERENCES-

1. Gaskell, David R., ‘Introduction to Metallurgical Thermodynamics’, McGraw Hill, 1973
2. Mohanty, A. K., “Rate Processes in Metallurgy”, Prentice Hall of India (EEE), 2000
3. Upadhayaya, G.S., and Dube, R.K., Problemsin metallurgical thermodynamics and kinetics, Pergamon
4. Darken, L.S., and Gurry, R.W., Physical chemistry of Metals, McGraw Hill.

1515 QUANTUM MECHANICS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

Unit-1: Basics of Quantum Mechanics, Planck’s formula of black-body radiation. Photoelectric effect. Bohr atom and quantization of energy levels. de Broglie hypothesis. Electron double-slit experiment. Compton effect, Davisson-Germer experiment, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (statement) with illustrations.

Unit-2: Concept of wave function as describing the dynamical state of a single particle. Group and phase velocities, classical velocity of a particle and the group velocity of the wave representing the particle. Principle of superposition. Schrodinger equation. Probabilistic interpretation; equation of continuity, probability current density. Boundary conditions on the wave function.

Unit-3: One dimensional potential well and barrier, boundary conditions, bound and unbound states. Reflection and transmission coefficients for a rectangular barrier in one dimension – explanation of alpha decay. Free particle in one dimensional box, box normalization, momentum eigen functions of a free particle. Linear harmonic oscillator, energy eigenvalues from Hermite differential equation, wave function for ground state, parity of wave function.

Unit-4: Displacement Current, Maxwell’s Field Equations, Wave equation for electromagnetic (EM) field and its solution – plane wave and spherical wave solutions, transverse nature of field, relation between E and B; energy density of field, Poynting vector and Poynting’s theorem, boundary conditions.

Unit-5: Wave equation, reflection and refraction at plane boundary, reflection and transmission coefficients, Fresnel’s formula, change of phase on reflection, polarization on reflection and Brewster’s law, total internal reflection. Equation of motion of an electron in a radiation field : Lorentz theory of dispersion – normal and anomalous; Sellmeier’s and Cauchy’s formulae, absorptive and dispersive mode, half power frequency, band width.

REFERENCES-

1. Quantum Mechanics – J. L. Powell and B. Crasemonn, (Oxford, Delhi).
2. Quantum Mechanics – F. Schwabl (Narosa).
3. Quantum Mechanics – A. K. Ghatak and S. Lokenathan (Macmillan, Delhi).
4. Introductory Quantum Mechanics – S. N. Ghoshal (Calcutta Book House).
5. A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics – P. M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan (Tata Mc Graw Hill).
6. Modern Quantum Mechanics – Sakurai (Persian Education)
7. Introduction to Electrodynamics – D. J. Griffith, (Prentice Hall, India Pvt. Ltd).
8. Classical Electrodynamics – J.D> Jackson (Wiley India)
9. Berkeley Series Vol II (Electricity and Magnetism) E.M. Purcell (Tata McGraw-Hill).
10. The Feynman Lectures on Physics – Vol. II (Addison – Wesley).
11. Electricity and Magnetism – J. H. Fewkes and J. Yarwood (Oxford Univ. Press, Calcutta).
12. Electricity and Magnetism – Chatterjee and Rakshit.
13. Electricity and Magnetism – A. S. Mahajan and A. A. Rangwala (Tata McGraw-Hill).