Courtesy : Bachelor of Arts in Journalism and Mass Communication (BA-JMC)

A Master of Journalism (abbreviated M.J., M.S.J., M.M.J.C., M.A. in Journalism, or M.S. in Journalism) is a master’s degree awarded to students who have studied journalism at a graduate level. Like other master’s degree programs, master of journalism programs are typically between one and two years. # ISO certification in India

While some Master of Journalism programs are focused on the academic study of journalism, most are geared towards providing students with journalism skills. Students are usually required to take courses on writing and reporting as well as media law and ethics. Many programs have an internship or co-op component in which students will complete a placement at a working newsroom, magazine office, or other media production outlet. Some programs allow students to specialize in a particular type of journalism, such as broadcast journalism, newspapers, magazines, or online journalism.. # ISO certification in India

A master’s degree (from Latinmagister) is an academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice. A master’s degree normally requires previous study at the bachelor’s level, either as a separate degree or as part of an integrated course. Within the area studied, master’s graduates are expected to possess advanced knowledge of a specialized body of theoretical and applied topics; high order skills in analysis, critical evaluation, or professional application; and the ability to solve complex problems and think rigorously and independently.

A university (from Latin universitas ‘a whole’) is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

The word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means “community of teachers and scholars”.^[1]

The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (Università di Bologna), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of:

• Being a high degree-awarding institute.
• Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy.
• Using the word universitas (which was coined at its foundation).
• Issuing secular and non-secular degrees: grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.

Types of postgraduate qualification

There are two main types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level: academic and vocational degrees.

Degrees

The term degree in this context means the moving from one stage or level to another (from French degré, from Latin dē- + gradus), and first appeared in the 13th century.. # ISO certification in India

History

The enrollment of some students in the University of Bologna.

Although systems of higher education date back to ancient India, ancient Greece, ancient Rome and ancient China, the concept of postgraduate education depends upon the system of awarding degrees at different levels of study, and can be traced to the workings of European medieval universities, mostly Italian. University studies took six years for a bachelor’s degree and up to twelve additional years for a master’s degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, and rhetoric. The main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue master’s or doctor’s degrees.. # ISO certification in India

The degrees of master (from Latin magister) and doctor (from Latin doctor) were for some time equivalent, “the former being more in favour at Paris and the universities modeled after it, and the latter at Bologna and its derivative universities. At Oxford and Cambridge a distinction came to be drawn between the Faculties of Law, Medicine, and Theology and the Faculty of Arts in this respect, the title of Doctor being used for the former, and that of Master for the latter.” Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the doctorate came to be thought of as higher than the master’s.. # ISO certification in India

The main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach^[6] (“doctor” comes from Latin docere, “to teach”).. # ISO certification in India