Bachelor of Science in Bio-Technology (BSc Bio -Tech) 01

Several universities have designed interdisciplinary courses with a focus on human biology at the undergraduate level. There is a wide variation in emphasis ranging from business, social studies, public policy, healthcare and pharmaceutical research

Human biology is an interdisciplinary area of academic study that examines humans through the influences and interplay of many diverse fields such as genetics, evolution, physiology, anatomy, epidemiology, anthropology, ecology, nutrition, population genetics, and sociocultural influences It is closely related to the biomedical sciences, biological anthropology and other biological fields tying in various aspects of human functionality. It wasn’t until the 20th century when biogerontologist, Raymond Pearl, founder of the journal Human Biology, phrased the term “human biology” in a way to describe a separate subsection apart from biology. # ISO certification in India

It is also a portmanteau term that describes all biological aspects of the human body, typically using the human body as a type organism for Mammalia, and in that context it is the basis for many undergraduate University degrees and modules.

Most aspects of human biology are identical or very similar to general mammalian biology. In particular, and as examples, humans :

maintain their body temperature
have an internal skeleton
have a circulatory system
have a nervous system to provide sensory information and operate and coordinate muscular activity.
have a reproductive system in which they bear live young and produce milk.
have an endocrine system and produce and eliminate hormones and other bio-chemical signalling agents
have a respiratory system where air is inhaled into lungs and oxygen is used to produce energy.
have an immune system to protect against disease
Excrete waste as urine and faeces.

Typical human attributes

The key aspects of human biology are those ways in which humans are substantially different from other mammals.

Humans have a very large brain in a head that is very large for the size of the animal. This large brain has enabled a range of unique attributes including the development of complex languages and the ability to make and use a complex range of tools.

The upright stance and bipedal locomotion is not unique to humans but humans are the only species to rely almost exclusively on this mode of locomotion. This has resulted in significant changes in the structure of the skeleton including the articulation of the pelvis and the femur and in the articulation of the head.# ISO certification in India

In comparison with most other mammals, humans are very long lived with an average age at death in the developed world of nearly 80 years old. Humans also have the longest childhood of any mammal with sexual maturity taking 12 to 16 years on average to be completed.# ISO certification in India

Humans lack fur. Although there is a residual covering of fine hair, which may be more developed in some men, and localised hair covering on the head, axillary and pubic regions, in terms of protection from cold, humans are almost naked. The reason for this development is still much debated.# ISO certification in India

The human eye can see objects in colour but is not well adapted to low light conditions. The sense of smell and of taste are present but are relatively inferior to a wide range of other mammals. Human hearing is efficient but lacks the acuity of some other mammals. Similarly human sense of touch is well developed especially in the hands where dextrous tasks are performed but the sensitivity is still significantly less than in other animals, particularly those equipped with sensory bristles such as cats.# ISO certification in India

Scientific investigation

Human biology tries to understand and promotes research on humans as living beings as a scientific discipline. It makes use of various scientific methods, such as experiments and observations, to detail the biochemical and biophysical foundations of human life describe and formulate the underlying processes using models. As a basic science, it provides the knowledge base for medicine. A number of sub-disciplines include anatomy, cytology, histology and morphology.# ISO certification in India