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Bachelor of Science Microbiology (CBM) – Chemistry, Botany, Microbiology Education

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Molecular biology /məˈlɛkjʊlər/ is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. The study of chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules is known as molecular biology. # ISO certification in India

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Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena – uncovering the structures of biological molecules as well as their interactions, and how these interactions explain observations of classical biology.# ISO certification in India

In 1945 the term molecular biology was used by physicist William Astbury. In 1953 Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues, working at Medical Research Council unit, Cavendish laboratory, Cambridge (now the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology), made a double helix model of DNA which changed the entire research scenario. They proposed the DNA structure based on previous research done by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. This research then lead to finding DNA material in other microorganisms, plants and animals.# ISO certification in India

Molecular biology is not simply the study of biological molecules and their interactions; rather, it is also a collection of techniques developed since the field’s genesis which have enabled scientists to learn about molecular processes. In this way it has both complemented and improved biochemistry and genetics as methods (of understanding nature) that began before its advent. One notable technique which has revolutionized the field is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was developed in 1983. PCR is a reaction which amplifies small quantities of DNA, and it is used in many applications across scientific disciplines.# ISO certification in India

Influenza virus research
This photograph of CDC’s Dr. Terrence Tumpey, Microbiologist for the National Center for Infectious Diseases, shows him examining specimens of the 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus—a virus that was reconstructed in hopes of combating a future influenza pandemic…Dr. Tumpey recreated the 1918 influenza virus to identify the characteristics that made the 1918 influenza virus so harmful. This effort enables researchers to develop new vaccines and treatments for future pandemic influenza viruses. ..The 1918 flu epidemic was caused by an influenza A virus (H1N1), killing more than 500,000 people in the United States, and up to 50 million worldwide. Many people died within the first few days after infection, and others died of complications later. Nearly half of those who died were young, healthy adults. Influenza A (H1N1) viruses still circulate today after being introduced again into the human population in the 1970s. . .Date:.2005.Content credits:./ xxxxx.Photo credit:.James Gathany.Image storage:.xxxxxxxxxxxxx.Support File:.CD_122_DH/ 012..http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/r051005.htm.CDC – Office of Communication – Media Release – 1918 Influenza Virus..http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/pandemics.htm.CDC – Information about Influenza Pandemics.

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the process in which DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Molecular biology also plays a critical role in the understanding of structures, functions, and internal controls within individual cells, all of which can be used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and better understand cell physiology. Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under gene therapy whereas the use of molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine is now referred to as molecular medicine.# ISO certification in India