BSc Bio -Tech FIRST YEAR-

CELL BIOLOGY & GENETICS

UNIT- I : Cell Structure and Function
1.1 Discovery of Cell and Cell theory.
1.2 Cell as basic unit of life (Viral, bacterial, fungal, plant and animal cells)
1.3 Ultra structure of prokaryotic cell ( Extra Chromosomal Material – Plasmid)
1.4 Ultra structure of eukaryotic cell (Cell wall, cell membrane, Golgi Complexes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Peroxisome, Lysosomes etc).
1.5 Semi- autonomous Organelles (Mitochondria & Chloroplast : Endosymbiotic theroy)

UNIT-II : Chromosome Organization and Cell Division
2.1 Chromosome organization in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
2.2 Structure of specialized chromosomes (Polytene and Lamp Brush)
2.3 Cell Division , Cell Cycle control
2.4 Significance of Mitosis and Meiosis
2.5 Programmed Cell Death

UNIT- III : Mendalism & Mendel’s Laws
3.1 Mendel’s experiments – Factors contributing to success of Mendel’s experiments
3.2 Mendel,s laws – Law of segregation – Monohybrid ratio, Law of Independent assortment– Dihybrids, Trihybrids
3.3 Deviation from Mendel’s Laws – partial or incomplete dominance, co-dominance
3.4 Penetrance and expressivity, Pleiotropism
3.5 Gene interaction – Modified dihybrid ratios (12:3:1; 9:7; !5:1; 9:3:4:, 9:6:1; 13:3), Multiple Alleles : ABO blood groups & Rh factor

UNIT-IV : Sex Determination & Recombination
4.1 Genes and environment – phenocopies
4.2 Linkage and recombination – Discovery of linkage, cytological proof of crossing over, Recombination frequency and map distance. Interference and coincidence Mitotic crossing over in Drosophila
4.3 Mechanism of sex determination-genic balance theory – Drosophila Homogametic and Heterogametic theory (Human, Mamalian, Birds)
4.4 X – linked inheritance (eg. Haemophilia)
4.5 Non-Mendelian inheritance – Cytoplasmic inheritance (Shell coiling in snail)

Recommended Books:

  1. Cell Biology and Genetics – By P.K. Gupta
  2. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th Edition. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
  3. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th edition.Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
  4. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASMPress & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
  5. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009. The World of the Cell. 7th edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.
  6. Cell Biology, DE Robertis & De Roberis, Blaze publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd.,
  7. Cell and Molecular Biology – By De Robertis
  8. Cell and Molecular Biology – By Lodish
  9. Theory and Problems in Genetics – By Stransfield
  10. Genetics – By Gardner (Macmillan Press)

NUCLEIC ACIDS- BIOSTATISTICS – BIOINFORMATICS

UNIT- I : Structure of Nucleic Acids
1.1 DNA as the genetic material – Griffiths experiments, Avery, Mc Leod and Mc Carty’s experiments. Hershey – Chase experiments.
1.2 RNA as genetic material – Tobacco Mosaic Virus
1.3 Structure and chemistry of DNA – Watson and Crick Model
1.4 Forms of DNA – A, B and Z forms of DNA, Super coiled and relaxed DNA – Role of DNA topoisomerases.
1.5 Structure of Cytoplasmic DNA – chloroplast DNA and Mitochondrial DNA.

UNIT- II : Functions & Mechanisms of Nucleic Acids
2.1 DNA Replication – Models of DNA replication (Semi-conservative, non-conservative models)
2.2 Mechanisms of DNA replication – Linear and circular – Rolling circle and theta mechanism of replication. Enzymes involved in DNA replication.
2.3 Mutation- spontaneous, induced- Physical and chemical (frame shift, transition, transversion)
2.4 DNA damage and Repair mechanisms
2.5 DNA Recombination

UNIT- III : Concepts of Biostatistics
3.1 Concept of probability, basic laws and its application to Mendelian segregation. Concept of Probability Distribution. Binomial and Poisson Distributions, Normal Distribution and their application in Biology
3.2 Concept of Sampling and Sampling Distribution. Measures of Central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode), Measures of deviation (Strandard deviation, variance and coefficient of variation).
3.3 Concept of Test of Hypothesis. Applications of t-test statistics to biological problems/data: Chi-square, statistic applications in Biology
3.4 Simple Regression and Correlation.
3.5 Concept of analysis of variance (one-way classification)

UNIT- IV Concepts of Computers & Bioinformatics
4.1 Usage of MS DOS commands: Basic concept of Internal & External commands, directory & file commands, copying, erasing, renaming, and displaying files.
4.2 Microsoft word: Concept of toolbar, character, paragraph & document formatting, drawing tool bar, header, footer, document editing, page setup, short cut keys, text & graphics.
4.3 Microsoft power point: Slide presentation, slide layout & design, custom animation, image importing, slide transition.
4.4 Bioinformatics – Databases – (Nucleic acid and protein), Introduction to genomics and proteomics.
4.5. Data retrieval toos – (BLAST, PubMED)

Recommended Books-

  1. Molecular Biology – Freifelder
  2. Cell & Moelcular Biology – Schwann Series
  3. Cell and Molecular Biology – By De Robertis
  4. Cell and Molecular Biology – By Lodish
  5. Basics in Computers – MS office
  6. Biometry – By Sokal and Rohlf W.H. Freeman
  7. Fundamentals of Biometry – By L.N. Balaram (George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London)
  8. Biostatistics – By N.T.J. Bailey
  9. Biostatistics- Manual of biostatistical methods for use in health, nutrition and Anthropology – By K. Visweshwar Rao (Jaypee Publications).
  10. Bioinformatics and Bioprogramming in C – By L.N. Chavali
  11. Introduction to Bioinformatics – By V. Kothekar
  12. Introduction to Bioinformatics – By Arthur M. Lesk