M.Sc.Bio-Technology SEMESTER IV-

4204 GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS

Unit I: Introductory genomics
Introduction to Genomics, Anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome, content of genome, Cvalue paradox, CoT curve analysis, repetitive DNA, tools to study genome diversity (PCR/ RFLP).

Unit II: Applied Genomics
Strategies for major genome sequencing projects, approaches and assembly methods, NGS methods and advantages, gene analysis and annotation.

Unit III: Transcriptomics and expression profiling
Genome expression analysis, RNA content and profiling, genetic mapping, Microarray (cDNA and protein microarray)

Unit IV: Introductory proteomics
Importance of proteomics, strategies in analysis of proteome: 2-D PAGE, Mass spectrometry, Protein sequencing method (Edman degradation, MALDI TOF/TOF). Structure of protein and formation of oligomers, Protein solubility and interaction with solvents and solutes, activity of
proteins.

Unit V: Applied proteomics
Databases and search engines in proteomics, Post translational protein modifications, protein localization
Protein: protein interaction: Yeast two hybrid system, phage display, GST pull down, affinity based methods,
Disease related proteins and drug discovery, Disease diagnosis, identification and characterization of novel proteins, protein engineering principles.

TEXT AND REFERENCES:

  1. Database Annotation in Molecular Biology: Principles and Practice, Arthur M. Lesk
  2. Bioinformatics: Sequence and genomic analysis by D. W. Mount, Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press.
  3. Recombinant DNA (Second Edition), James D. Watson and Mark Zoller
  4. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis – An introduction (Fourth Edition), T.A. Brown
  5. Protein array, Biochips and Proteomics by Smith and Albala (Eds), Marcel Dekkar, New York.
  6. Introduction to proteomics: Tools for new biology by Daniel C. Liebler, Humana Press.

4205 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS

Unit I: Introduction and scope
Science, Scientific Field and Biological research. Role of a researcher in different stages of a project, Routes to research funding (academic and commercial) Research, Definition, Importance of research, Characteristics of research, Types and steps in research, Identification, Selection and formulation of research problem, Research questions, Research design – Formulation of Hypothesis, Review of Literature.

Unit II: Sampling methods
Sampling theory, types of sampling, Steps in sampling, Sampling and Non-sampling error, Sample size, Advantages and limitations of sampling. Collection of Data: Primary Data, Meaning, Data Collection methods, Secondary data, Meaning – Relevance’s, Limitations and cautions. Statistics in Research.

Unit III: Types of research asrticles
Type of Articles (review, letters etc). Scientific paper format (Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion). Writing (ethical Vs unethical), evaluating, presenting and publishing the results of scientific research in the academic press (journals, conferences etc). Choosing the appropriate journal (Sources, Information, Instructions to authors, peer review system, journal evaluation), Case studies of areas of current research. Formulating a research plan and its presentation.

Unit IV: Sampling methods
Probability Sampling and non Probability Sampling methods, Measure of central tendency and measure of dispersion, Probability (classical & axiomatic definition of probability, theorem on total and compound probability), Addition and Multiplication theorem of Probability, Random variables and Probability Distribution, Simple problems involving Binomial, Poisson and Normal variables.

Unit V: Biostatistics
Formulation of Hypothesis (One-tailed & Two-tailed), Type I and Type II errors, power of a test, Significance of a test, P-value testing, Hypothesis Testing (students T-test, Z-test, Chi-square test), Regression and correlation analysis, Analysis of variance (ANOVA).

TEXT AND REFERENCES:

  1. Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in the Health Sciences, W.W Daniel. Publisher: John Wiley and Sons.
  2. Introduction to Biostatistics, Ronald N. Forthfer and Eun Sun Lee .Publisher: Elsevier.
  3. Research Methodology Methods and Techniques by C.R. Kothari
  4. Research Methodology Methods and statistical Techniques by Santosh Gupta

4206 MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unit I: Introduction
Normal microflora of human body, nosocomial infections, carriers, septic shock, septicemia, pathogenicity, virulence factors, toxins, biosafety levels.

Unit II: Genetic disorders
Genetic disease, type of inheritance, single-gene and multifactorial inheritance, example of genetic diseases. Therapeutic intervention in blood disorder by stem cell transplantation/gene therapy.

Unit III: Etiology of bacterialdiseases
Morphology, pathogeneis, symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, preventive measures and chemotherapy caused by Gram negative bacteria (E. coli, N. gonorrhoea, N. meningitidis, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae, Y. pestis, H. influenzae,) and Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus, S. pyogenes, B. anthracis, C. perferinges, C. tetani, C. botulinum)

Unit IV: Viral diseases
Diseases caused by viruses- Picornavirus, Orthomyxoviruses, Paramyxoviruses, Rhabdoviruses, Reoviruses, Pox virus, Herpes virus, Papova virus, Retro viruses (including HIV/AIDS) and Hepatitis viruses. Antigenic shift and drift.

Unit V: Fungal and protozoan diseases
Fungal and Protozoan infections. Dermatophytoses Subcutaneous infection (Sporothrix, Cryptococcus), systemic infection (Histoplasma, Coccidoides) and opportunistic fungal infections (Candidiasis, Aspergillosis), Gastrointestinal infections (Amoebiasis, Giardiasis), Blood-borne infections (Leishmaniasis, Malaria).

TEXTS AND REFERENCES:

  1. Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS and Morse SA. (2007). Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 24th edition. McGraw Hill Publication.
  2. Goering R, Dockrell H, Zuckerman M and Wakelin D. (2007). Mims’ Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Elsevier.
  3. Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2008). Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology. 7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.

4207 IPR AND BIOETHICS

Unit I: General overview of Intellectual Property Rights and Patents
WIPO, WTO, Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights. Basic requirements of Patentability, Patentable subject matter, Types of patent (process and product), Procedure for obtaining Patent, Provisional and Complete specification.

Unit II: Copyright and trademarks
Meaning and objectives of copyright, Rights conferred by registration of copyright, Infringement of copyright
Basic Principles of Trademark, Rights conferred by Registration of Trademark, Infringement of Trademark

Unit III: Geographical indicators
Geographical Indications-Objectives of Geographical Indications, Rights conferred , Infringement of Geographical Indications, International Position Indian Position, Bioprospecting and Biopiracy.

Unit IV: Bioethics
Ethical implications of biotechnological products and techniques: Ethical research, plagiarism, DBT regulations for biosafety and GMOs.

TEXT AND REFERENCES:

  1. Intellectual Property Rights by Brigitte Anderson, Edward Elgar Publishing
  2. Intellectual Property Rights and the Life Sciences Industries by Graham Dutfield, Ashgate Publishing
  3. WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook
  4. Intellectual Property Rights by William Rodelph Cornish, David Clewelyn