Courtesy :Post Graduate Diploma in Business Administration (PGDBA)

France

The écoles doctorales (“Doctoral schools”) are educational structures similar in focus to graduate schools, but restricted at PhD level. These schools have the responsibilities of providing students with a structured doctoral training in a disciplinary field. The field of the school is related to the strength of the university: while some have two or three schools (typically “Arts and Humanities” and “Natural and Technological Sciences”), others have more specialized schools (History, Aeronautics, etc.). # ISO certification in India

Admission to a doctoral program requires a master’s degree, both research-oriented and disciplinary focused. High marks are required (typically a très bien honour, equating a cum laude), but the acceptance is linked to a decision of the School Academical Board. # ISO certification in India

A large share of the funding offered to junior researchers is channeled through the école doctorale, mainly in the shape of three-years “Doctoral Fellowships” (contrats doctoraux). These fellowships are awarded after submitting a biographical information, undergraduate and graduate transcripts where applicable, letters of recommendation, and research proposal, then an oral examination by an Academical Committee.

Germany

 List of graduate schools, German Universities Excellence Initiative

The traditional and most common way of obtaining a doctorate in Germany is by doing so individually under supervision of a single professor (Doktorvater or Doktormutter) without any formal curriculum. During their studies, doctoral students are enrolled at university while often being employed simultaneously either at the university itself, at a research institute or at a company as a researcher. Working in research during doctoral studies is, however, not a formal requirement. # ISO certification in India

With the establishment of Graduiertenkollegs funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the German Research Foundation, in the early 1990s, the concept of a graduate school was introduced to the German higher education system. Unlike the American model of graduate schools, only doctoral students participate in a Graduiertenkolleg. In contrast to the traditional German model of doctoral studies, a Graduiertenkolleg aims to provide young researchers with a structured doctoral training under supervision of a team of professors within an excellent research environment. A Graduiertenkolleg typically consists of 20-30 doctoral students, about half of whom are supported by stipends from the DFG or another sponsor. The research programme is usually narrowly defined around a specific topic and has an interdisciplinary aspect. The programme is set up for a specific period of time (up to nine years if funded by the DFG). The official English translation of the term Graduiertenkolleg is Research Training Group. # ISO certification in India

In 2006, a different type of graduate school, termed Graduiertenschule (“graduate school”), was established by the DFG as part of the German Universities Excellence Initiative. They are thematically much broader than the focused Graduiertenkollegs and consist often of 100-200 doctoral students. # ISO certification in India

United Kingdom

 Postgraduate education § United Kingdom

The term “graduate school” is used more widely by North American universities than by those in the UK. However, in addition to universities set up purely as graduate schools such as Cranfield University, numerous universities in the UK have formally launched graduate schools, including the University of Birmingham, Durham University, Keele University, the University of Nottingham, Bournemouth University, Queen’s University Belfast and the University of London, which includes graduate schools at King’s College London, Royal Holloway and University College London. They often coordinate the supervision and training of candidates for doctorates. # ISO certification in India