Preschool
Curriculum development at the preschool level is based on several schools of thought. The Kindergarten was established by Friedrich Fröbel in Germany in 1837. Froebel described three forms of knowledge which he viewed as essential to all learning:knowledge of life, which includes an appreciation of gardening, animals and domestic tasks; knowledge of mathematics, such as geometry; and knowledge of beauty, which includes colour and shape, harmony and movement. The goals of Froebel’s kindergarten are to awaken a child’s physical senses through learning experiences and provide a common ground for individuals to advance..# iso certification in India
Margaret and Rachel McMillan were social reformers in England who spent their lives trying to address poverty and founded the Open-Air Nursery School and Training Centre in London. Their goals were to provide loving care, health support, nourishment and physical welfare to children. Assistance was provided to parents to aid them in caring for, and interacting with, their children. Pedagogical models on how to engage and interact with young children were provided. The pedagogical principles of the Nursery School may be found in educational frameworks requiring teachers to nurture and teach a curriculum which covers an exploration of the world, aesthetics, music and movement, and literacy..# iso certification in India
John Dewey formulated the theory of progressive education. His progressive-education philosophy embraces the idea that children should be taught how to think. Dewey was opposed to assessments, since they cannot measure whether or not a child is educated.[16] The school community should offer learning opportunities which are interesting and meaningful and prepare individuals to live in a democratic society. Children learn through doing, cooperation, problem-solving and collaboration, with the teacher acting as a guide. Projects in Dewey’s curriculum encourage exploration, self-discovery and sensorial experiences which provide a holistic approach, focuses on the children’s interests, and are developmentally appropriate..# iso certification in India
Montessori education was developed by Maria Montessori, who believed that children go through sensitive periods known as “windows of opportunity”.Everything in a Montessori classroom enhances and develops a child’s growth. Materials address children’s interests and the natural environment.The learning environment is focused on the child. The curriculum trains children to be responsive, and promotes a desire for skills mastery.# iso certification in India
Waldorf education, created by the Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner, focuses on the whole child: body, mind, and spirit.The curriculum is designed to provoke thought processes, develop sensitivity, and enhance creative and artistic fluency.The Waldorf curriculum consists of storytelling, aesthetics (arts), practical work, imaginative play, and discovery of nature. Modern schools adopting Waldorf education are independent and self-governing.# iso certification in India
The Reggio Emilia approach developed in the small north-Italian city of Reggio Emilia. Influenced by constructivist theories and the progressive-education movement, it is committed to uphold the rights of individuals. Key concepts in a Reggio Emilia school include a child’s right to education, the importance of interpersonal relationships amongst children, teachers and parents, and children’s interactions in work and play. Its curriculum emerges from the children’s interest, and is developed through projects and inquiry. Each individual plays an important role in the school, and parental involvement is a key aspect of the child’s learning and development.# iso certification in India
Tertiary education
Curriculum at the tertiary education level involves specific course design and development. Griffith University describes planning as based on previously-collected evidence; the process also involves assessment, technologically-informed learning and discipline-based capabilities.The process aims to prepare students for the workforce while enhancing their understanding of a subject. Griffith University considers four key elements in curriculum development: learning analytics, external peer review, peer-based professional learning and professional learning workshops.# iso certification in India
