PTG-202 Principles of Transmission Genetics-

Science of Genetics- an overview of modern history of Genetics before 1860, 1860-1900, 1900- 1944, 1944-Present, about 3 general areas of Genetics (Classical, Molecular & Evolutionary).

Mendelism & Chromosome Theory- Mendel’s principles, applications of Mendel’s principles, Chromosome Theory of Heredity (Sutton-Boveri), Inheritance patterns, phenomenon of Dominance, Inheritance patterns in Human (Sex-linked, Autosomal, Mitochondrial, Unifactorial, Multi-factorial).

Extension of Mendelism- Deviation from Mendel’s Dihybrid phenotype, Linkage, Sutton’s view on linkage, Morgan’s view on linkage, Bateson & Punnet’s Coupling & Repulsion hypothesis.

Linkage & Crossing over- Chromosome theory of Linkage, kinds of linkage, linkage groups, types of Crossing over, mechanism of Meiotic Crossing over, kinds of Crossing over, theories about the mechanism of Crossing over, cytological detection of Crossing over, significance of Crossing over.

Allelic Variation & Gene function- Multiple allele, Genetic interaction, Epiststic interactions, Non-Epistatic inter-allelic genetic interactions, Atavism/Reversion, Penetrance (complete & incomplete), Expressivity, Pleiotropism, Modifier/Modifying genes.

Non-Mendelian inheritance- Evidences for Cytoplasmic factors, cytoplasmic inheritance, extranuclear inheritance (mitochondrial, chloroplast), non-chromosomal inheritance, maternal inheritance, uniparental inheritance.

Chromosomal variation in Number & Structure- Euploidy, Non-disjunction & Aneuploidy, Aneuploid segregation in plants, Aneuploidy in Human, Polyploidy in Plants & Animals, Induced Polyploidy, applications of Polyploidy, Chromosomal Mosaics, Polytene chromosome in Diptera, Deletion,
Duplication, Inversion, Translocation, Position Effect, Centromeric & Non-centromeric breaks in chromosomes, chromosomal rearrangements in Human being, Chromosomal aberrations & evolution.

Chromosome Mapping- Haploid mapping (2 point & 3 point cross), Diploid mapping (Tetrad analysis), determination of linkage groups, determination of map distance, determination of gene order, cytological mapping.

Human Cyto-Genetics- Human karyotype, Banding techniques, classification, use of Human Cyto-genetics in Medical science, Chromosomal abnormalities in spontaneous abortions, viable monosomies & trisomies, chromosomal deletions & duplications, genetics of chromosomal inversions
& translocations, human traits, Genomic position effects on Gene expression.

Pedigree analysis- Symbols of Pedigree, Pedigrees of Sex-linked & Autosomal (dominant & recessive), Mitochondrial, Incomplete dominance & Penetrance.

Formulating & Testing Genetic Hypothesis- problems of Sex-linkage, problems of genes with Multiple alleles, problems of gene interactions, Chi-square, t-test.