PAPER I: KUF 111- INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY-

Introduction, importance and scope of biology, living and non-living components, branches of biology, Five kingdom classification (Whittaker classification), Cell: cell structure, plant and animal cell, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, cell division- mitosis and meiosis, Tissues: plant tissues, Morphology: stem, leaf and root and modification of stem, leaf and root. Anatomy: dicot and monocot stem, leaf and root; secondary growth, Reproduction of plant: structure of flower, types of inflorescence, types of pollination, vegetative (cutting, grafting, layering, tissue culture) and sexual reproduction in plants; double fertilization, Fruits and types of fruits. Seed, type of seeds, seed germination and its types, Elementary idea of plant taxonomy, basis idea of Bentham and Hooker and Hutchinson classification.