21CHY532 CHEMISTRY OF TOXICOLOGY-
Unit I-
Food additives and Flavours: Functional food additives, adulteration, food laws, Food colours – permitted and non – permitted- Toxicology, Flavours – natural and synthetic Toxicology, Other functional additives- Soft drinks- formulation Health drinks, Sugars – manufacture of sugar from cane sugar and beet root, artificial sugars.
Unit II-
Soaps, Synthetic Detergents and Cosmetics: Soaps – Introduction, detergent action of soap, Toilet soap, bathing bars, washing soaps, liquid soap manufacture- additives, fillers and flavours, Significance of acidity and alkalinity, Detergents- Introduction, detergent action, types of detergents-cationic, anionic, amphiphilic detergents, Common detergent chemicals, Additives, excipients colours and flavours, Enzymes used in commercial detergents, Environmental hazards, Cosmetics- Introduction, classification – bathing oils, face creams, toilet powder, skin products, dental cosmetics, hair dyes, shaving cream, shampoo, general formulation of each type, Toxicology of cosmetics,
Unit III-
Green Chemistry: Purpose, principles to be followed for green chemistry, synthesis of Adipic acid, Catechol, Methyl methacrylate, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and furfural, Greenreagents, Oxidation technology for waste water treatment – green chemistry using biocatalytic reactions, Green chemistry in future.
Unit IV-
Chemistry and Agriculture: Factors affecting soil pH – Soil pH and nutrient availability – Soil degradation causes, Fertilisers – classification of NPK fertilisers – sources – natural and synthetic, Excessive use of fertilisers and its impact on the environment, Bio fertilisers, Plant growth hormones,
Pesticides- Classification-insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, Excessive use of pesticides –environmental hazards, Acts and Laws concerning the pesticides, Bio pesticides, biofertilizers – rhizobium, azospirillum, acetobacter – Blue green algae and azolla – production and quality control of biofertilizers, Bio-conversion of agricultural wastes.
Unit V-
Drugs: Chemotherapy- types of drugs- analgesics, antipyretics, antihistamines, antacids tranquillisers, sedatives, antibiotics.
TEXT BOOKS:
- A. K. De, Environmental Chemistry, New age International Ltd.
- S. S. Dara, A Textbook of Environmental chemistry and pollution control, S.Chand & Company Ltd.
REFERENCES:
- T.P. Cutlet, Food- The Chemistry of its components. Royal Society of Chemistry, London (Paper back)
- M. M. Srivastava, RashmiSanghi, ‘Green Chemistry – Environment Friendly Alternatives’, 2nd edition, Narosa Publishing House, 2005.
- B.K. Sharma. Industrial Chemistry
- CNR Rao- Understanding chemistry, Universities Press.
- Puri and Sharma. Advanced Organic Chemistry.
- V. K.Ahluwallia, ‘Green Chemistry – Environmentally Benign Reactions’, 1st edition, Ane books Pvt Ltd, 2009.
- Tisdale, S.L., Nelson, W.L. and Beaton, J. D. Soil Fertility and Fertilisers, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1990.
- Buchel, K.H. Chemistry of Pesticides, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1983
- P.C Pall, K. Goel, R.K Gupta, Insecticides,pesticides and agrobased industries.
- Singh, V.K Kapoor, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry